In this research therefore, the effect of catalyst type and concentration on dehydrated castor oil based resin were examined. International journal of chemistry and technology synthesis and. With strong business partnerships with major oleochemical manufacturers around the globe, univar provides onestop access to a consistent and steady flow of products. The resins produced are substantially colorfree and have a narrow range of. In order to save foreign currency out flow, it is needed to produce alkyd resin in myanmar. Mickael agach, stephanie delbaere, sinisa marinkovic, boris estrine, veronique nardellorataj. Alkyd based resins are frequently used in paints and coatings for a range of applications and still represent over 20% of the binder systems in use today. The oils that are mostly employed for alkyd resin synthesis are linseed oil, soya bean oil, dehydrated castor oil, fish oil and tall oil. It intends to maximize percentage yield of alkyd resin oil based p. The alcoholyses were performed in different enzyme concentrations 2.
A water reducible alkyd acrylic resin resulted from a copolymer of 15 to 40% nbutylacrylate and maleic anhydride polymergrafted on modified palm kernel oil saravari, et al,2005. New alkyd resinswere synthesized by reacting sunflower oil or. Ebook alkyd resins technology handbook as pdf download. Alkyd resins technology handbook top results of your surfing alkyd resins technology handbook start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Iodine value of the alkyd shows that the level of unsaturation depends on the oil length of the resins. Present investigation was aimed to develop new methodology to synthesis alkyd resin from tpa and it was successfully achieved by altering the order of feeding raw materials and increasing the reaction temperature 260280 c. The name alkyd, formed from alkyl a chemical abbreviation for alcohol and acid, denotes the chemical origin of the resin, which is commonly based on a polymerization reaction between an alcohol, such as glycerol, and a dicarboxylic acid or its anhydridefor instance, phthalic anhydride. Without driers, the drying time of alkyd paint would be over 24 hours, which is clearly undesirable for most applications. The resulting oils are used in alkyd resin preparation or as additive for coatings. Most commonly used dibasic acid in alkyd synthesis is phthalic anhydride while glycerols, pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, glycols etc. Materials the castor seeds shown in figure 1 were purchased from achi in orji river, enugu state. Alkyd was a term coined by kienle from alcohol and acid. Alkyd resin constituents have been determined for decades, the method used being chemical cleavage followed by estimation by gravimetry, colorimetric or spectrophotometric means.
The alkyd resin is mixed with a polymeric isocyanate and a metallic drier, which speeds the reaction. They are mainly composed of fatty acids, polyols and aromatic diacids. Synthesis of water dispersible alkyd resins were carried out in two ways. The type of alkyd resin used in artists alkyd paints is a long oil alkyd, which is an oilmodified polyester polymer that con tains between 5670 weight percent wt % fatty acids. Synthesis and characterization of novel silicone acrylate. The invention provides alkyd resin for a woodware primer and a synthesis method of the alkyd resin. Pdf in this study, different samples of alkyd resins based on citrullus colocynthis. In this study, a new alkyd based resin was formulated using long oil alkyd and melamine based hyperbranched polymer having 24 functional groups on its structure. The oil length is the weight percent of fatty acids in the finished resin. The term alkyd was coined from the combination of the words alcohol and acid. Aug 31, 2019 the purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method for modification of alkyd resin by using 3triethoxysilylpropyl succinic acid anhydride tespsa as the core material for low volatile organic components vocs polyurethane coating applications.
Pdf preparation and characterization of alkyd resins based on. Owing to their incorporation of volatile organic solvents and to. Faster drying long oil alkyd resins are produced based on soybean oil used as sole film former for decorator paint. Synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation of.
Modified alkyd resins as the versatile coating materials derived from vegetable oils a hasnat natural product and polymer research laboratory, department of chemistry, g. In this study, the objective is divided into two sections. M o r e recent examples of alkyd resin preparation are shown in table vi. Uzoh cf, onukwuli od, emeka m 2015 kinetics of castor oil alkyd resin polycondensation reaction. Pdf synthesis and characterization of alkyd resin based. Preparation and characterization of alkyd resins based on. In the beginning, we have used pure ccso and a blend with prunus mahaleb as a substitute for fatty acids in order to synthesize a new alkyd resin. This supports the choice of methyl ester as a preferred alternative to the use of the raw rso in alkyd resin preparation. Synthesis of improved phenolic resins twenty seven addi ti on cured phenol ic resin compositions were prepared and tested for their abi 1 ity to give char residues comparable to stateof theart phenol ic resins. Alkyd resin synthesis by enzymatic alcoholysis springerlink. Structures of obtained modified resins were confirmed by ftir method. Alkyd resin manufacturing process, alkyd resin plants, alkyd resin processing projects, alkyd resin production business, alkyd resin production plant, alkyd resin production process, alkyd resin properties, alkyd resin reaction, alkyd resin synthesis, alkyd resins chemical technology, alkyd resins formulations, alkyd resins manufacture, alkyd resins manufacturing. The resins were characterised in terms of structure, molecular weight. Alkyd is a term to describe special types of polyester resins that are modified with monobasic fatty acids.
Fatty acids were liberated by the addition of water followed by. Alkyd resin manufacturing process, alkyd resin plants, alkyd resin processing projects, alkyd resin production business, alkyd resin production plant, alkyd resin production process, alkyd resin properties, alkyd resin reaction. Fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy was used to investigate. The synthesis of an alkyd resin through an enzymatic alcoholysis provided by novozym 435 was analyzed in this study. Characterization and stability issues of artists alkyd paints. Us4335027a airdriable alkyd resins and process for their. A soya alkyd resin with 60% oil length was prepared by alcoholic process using 1200 g of soya oil, 280 g of pentaerythritol 2. Pdf synthesis and characterization of alkyd resin from. Saturated fatty acid yields nondyeing or plasticizing resin while drying properties are conferred by unsaturated acids. Present investigation was aimed to develop new methodology to synthesis alkyd resin from tpa and it was.
But conventional alkyd making techniques cannot be apply for tpa due to its high stability and reaction temperature compare to the pa. Optimization of polycondensation process of alkyd resin. College affiliated to m j p rohilkhand university shahjahanpur, u. Palm oilbased alkyd resins were synthesized by alcoholoysis and esterification reactions. Synthesis and characterisation of alkyd resins with glutamic acidbased monomers joris hulsbosch, a laurens claes, a dries jonckheere, a dirk mestachb and dirk e. Click download or read online button to get alkyd resins technology handbook book now. However, till today, there has been practically no information available for the synthesis of alkyds using ccso. Alpha and, betahydroxyls of glycerol in preparation of. Polynt is a historic leader in the chemical sector, a reference point in the production and sale of alkyd resins for paints. A lot of alkyd resins were imported to myanmar paint industries every year.
An alkyd typically consists of unsaturated fatty acids, polyols and phthalic anhydride as depicted in figure 1 1, 2. An alkyd is a polyester resin commonly derived from fatty acids, polyhydric alcohol, and dibasic acids, which has many applications in the coatings industry due to its low cost, broad functionality, and production from renewable seed oils. Chemical modification of alkyd resin by a dopo derivative. Alkyd resins technology handbook download ebook pdf. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Synthesis and characterisation of alkyd resins with. Optimization of polycondensation process of alkyd resin synthesis. Cyanate, epoxy, a1 lyl, acrylate, methacrylate and. The potential of synthesizing an air drying alkyd resin through polycondensation of nondrying. Alkyd amino resin blends are probably the most important group of alkyd resins. Its products originate from a polyhydric alcohol polyol, a polybasic acid, and a fatty monobasic acid, from seed oil. The synthesis method of the alkyd resin comprises the steps that the refined vegetable oil and 25 part by weight of polyatomic alcohol are put into a. The modified phenolic resins were prepared at various mole ratios of phenol to cardanol and the polymerization was carried out under basic conditions.
Chemical ijcpt synthesis and characterization of new. Synthesis of alkyd resin via alcoholysispolyesterification process. Airdriable alkyd resins and process for their preparation download pdf. In spite of challenges from many new coating resins developed over the years, alkyd resins as a family have maintained a prominent position for two principal reasons, their high versatility and low cost. In the synthesis a maximum content of 40% of cardanol in the resin was possible to obtain, as a higher cardanol content resulted in the formation of a resin with an extremely high viscosity. Overview in the united states vinyl toluene has been used to modify alkyd resins for many years. Synthesis and characterisation of alkyd resins with glutamic. Pdf synthesis of waterborne alkyd resins researchgate. Thus many researches have been successfully conducted on synthesis of watersoluble alkyd resin. If an alkyd resin contains sufficient monobasic acid. Alkyd resins technology handbook download ebook pdf, epub. Chlorinated rubber is often used in combination with medium oil dryingtype alkyds. The traditional oils such as soya bean, coconut oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil are used in the synthesis of alkyd resin 811. Jul 29, 2019 the synthesis of an alkyd resin through an enzymatic alcoholysis provided by novozym 435 was analyzed in this study.
Investigating the effect of catalyst type and concentration. Mar 09, 2017 most commonly used dibasic acid in alkyd synthesis is phthalic anhydride while glycerols, pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, glycols etc. Unlike other nobake mould technologies the process yields no toxic fumes, but the moulds need a longer air curing. Unlike most fast dry systems, the addition of vinyl toluene provides compatibility with both aliphatic and aromatic solvents giving the paint formulator a great deal of flexibility in formulating paints. In this work, glutamic acid as well as nacylated and nalkylated derivatives there of were evaluated as biobased substitutes for these aromatic diacid monomers in the synthesis of alkyd resins.
Similarly, melon seed oil was found to be a substitute for linseed oil, and soyabean oil in the synthesis. Synthesis and application of palm fatty acid distillate based. The analysis of alkyd resins was revolutionized in the 1960s by us government workers who determined the reaction products by gc. A n analysis of the properties of the various oils is given in table iv. Practically the only details of the synthesis of alkyd silicone varnishes which appeared in the literature until early in 1952 were those disclosed by bowman in their british patent. The available manufacturer information on the resins was reported previously. Kinetics of castor oil alkyd resin polycondensation reaction. Alkyd resins introduction classification drying nondrying synthesis fatty acid method. Use of alkyd resins in paints and coatings the alkyd resins belong to the family of thermosetting polyesters, organic macromolecules obtained through the reaction between an acid or an anhydride, an alcohol and a fatty. The alkyd resin is prepared from refined vegetable oil, polyatomic alcohol, polyatomic acid, a metal hydroxide catalyst and a xylene mixture. Synthesis of fast drying long oil alkyd resins using seed. Alkyd resins lin major reference works wiley online.
The early research resulting in alkyd resins was done by a number of researchers led by carothers 1 and kienle 2 who provided a clearer understanding of the chemical reactions governing alcoholacid polymeric resins from multifunctional monomers. Utilization of sunflower acid oil for synthesis of alkyd resin. Cn105820320a alkyd resin for woodware primer and synthesis. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched silane.
Kinetic studies in the synthesis of alkyd resin using. Despite the growing popularity of acrylic, polyurethane and. Synthesis and characterization of yellow oleander thevetia peruviana seed oilbased alkyd resin. Alkyd resin, a complex oilmodified polyester that serves as the filmforming agent in some paints and clear coatings. Developed in the 1920s, alkyd based enamel paints were once one of the most important types of surface coating. The main reactions involved in alkyd resin synthesis are polycondensation by. Characterization of unsaturated polyester and alkyd resins.
Us3639314a process for the preparation of highviscosity. Alkyd paint and paint driers 11 catalysts, or driers. However, there is markedly lack of data and information in current literatures about synthesis of alkyd resin from delonix regia seed oil. Synthesis of resin having average molecular weight of about 370 and 1,2 epoxy.
Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read alkyd resins technology handbook. Alkyd paint and paint driers metal catalysed reactions only peroxy radicals are of importance in chain propagation. Synthesis, characterization, and utilization in surface coating applications pirita ramanen academic dissertation for the degree of doctor of philosophy to be presented, with the permission of the faculty of science of. Gift sample of commercial alkyd resin car was used as reference sample, obtained from perstorp india pvt. The main reactions involved in alkyd resin synthesis are polycondensation by esterification and ester interchange. Alkyd resins introduction classification drying nondrying synthesis fatty acid method alcoholysis or monoglycerides method. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Alkyd resins manufacturing, formulation and processing. Chemical modification of alkyd resin by a dopo derivative and its flame retardancy. Synthesis and characterization of solvent free alkyd resin with hyperbranched melamine core submitted by nagehan keskin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. The free fatty acid ffa value of the rubber seed oil rso and linseed oil. It is a medium oil alkyd resin and it was produced by using soybean oil, glycerol, phthalic anhydride and benzoic acid. Synthesis and application of palm fatty acid distillate based alkyd resin in liquid detergent.
Many industrial baking enamels, such as those for appliances, coil coatings, and automotive finishes, are based on alkyd amino resin blends. Synthesis and characterization of alkyd resin based on soybean oil and glycerin using zirconium octoate as a catalyst. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Thermogravimetric analysis tga showed that dhdopo had relatively. Pdf synthesis and characterization of alkyd resin from delonix.
Only trace free samples were considered as cured polymeric. A typical oilmodified alkyd resin synthesis using linseed oil is given in preparation 22. Alkyd coatings are typically sold in three classes. Fatty acids for alkyd resins univar supplies a wide range of fatty acids from short oil to long oil that meet the exacting demands of alkyd resin curing requirements. Alkyd resins have acquired great importance because their economy, availability of raw materials, biodegradability, durability, flexibility, good adhesion and ease of application 7. There was probably crosslinking of the alkyd chains resulting in the formation of a large molecular weight polymer which could have resulted in increased viscosity of the reaction. Synthesis and characterization of modified phenolic resins. Production of alkyd resin using water melon seed oil. Analysis of polyesters and alkyd resins pdf free download.
Chemical modification of alkyd resin by a dopo derivative and. Besides these, other alkyds are also prepared, such as imidemodified alkyd. Enhancing the quality of alkyd resins using methyl esters of. Synthesis of resin having average molecular weight of about 370 and 1,2 epoxy equivalency of 1. Alkyd resins are any of a large group of thermoset resins that are essentially polyesters made by heating polyhydric alcohol with polybasic acids or their anhydride and used chiefly in making protective coatings good weathering with properties. Alkyd resins include a very high proportion of common binders, which are used in the pants. Modified alkyd resins as the versatile coating materials. Alkyd resin was synthesized from the flamboyant delonix regia seed oil fbo and the physicochemical properties of both the oil and the consequent alkyd resin were studied. The modified alkyd resin can be dispersed in water up to 30 wt%. This study was aimed at the synthesis and characterization of alkyd from. Alkyd resins, based on specific applications, are grouped be. There are continual developments to improve alkyd based formulations. Saponification of the alkyd resins was carried out by refluxing a 45 ml sample with saturated methanolic potassium hydroxide using an nz sparge for 10 min. If an alkyd resin contains sufficient monobasic acid and excess glycerol to.