Clarke 1962 changed the genus to gnorimoschema busck. Under openfield conditions tuta absoluta is usually found up till m above sea level. Occurrence, biology, natural enemies and management of tuta. The tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta, is one of the major pests of tomato and other solanaceae in many regions worldwide. The newly introduced pest from south america finding the shores of the mediterranean a perfect new home where it can breed between 1012 generations a year. It first appeared in the mediterranean region in 2006. Tuta absoluta can destroy an entire tomato farm, whether in the open field or in a greenhouse, if effective control measures are not employed.
Since it was detected in the country, the pest continues to cause major tomato losses. The south american tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick. Tuta absoluta biology and yield loss the likely origin of t. Knowledge of its main biological traits can be used to develop effective plant protection management strategies. Gelechiidae, a key pest of tomato crops in argentina, with the aim to select potential. Females usually depositing eggs on the underneath of tomato leaves or stems, and on immature fruits. Occurrence, biology, natural enemies and management of tuta absoluta in africa. Tuta absoluta was present in 7 of the 8 administrative regions of niger three years after its introduction adamou et al. For this reason, this study aimed to determine female mating frequency and its effects on reproductive output and female longevity. We present a summary of published studies and original findings on several entomophagous species as biocontrol agents of tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera. Gelechiidae, a devastating pest of tomato originating from south america has been recorded in serbia on three localities. This multivoltine microlepidoptera may attack all stages of the host plant, but female adults lay eggs preferentially in leaves, where emergent larvae penetrate and. Monitoring tuta absoluta populations using pheromone traps in northern ethiopia tesfay belay and zeray siyoum biology confirmation of deuterotokous parthenogenesis in three populations of the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta in tunisia kaled abbes, samira muhamed faris, and. Tuta absoluta tomato moth bioline agrosciencesbioline.
Commercial farmers will have to manage spraying programs carefully. The south american tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta meyrick. Gelechiidae was originally described in 1917 by meyrick as phthorimaea absoluta, based on individuals collected from huancayo peru. Several alternative control strategies are available for the control of tuta absoluta. Jan 03, 2017 the predatory bug nesidiocoris controls different kind of pests. It is well known as a serious pest of tomato crops in europe, africa, western asia and south and central america. South american tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta meyrick, a native to south america, is an emerging exotic pest of tomato and other solanaceous crops in india. Effect of host plants on developmental and population. Integrated pest management ipm strategies have been developed, but widespread insecticide use has caused selection for insecticide resistance as well as undesirable effects on key. Synthesis, functional assays, electrophysiological activity. The cylindrical creamy white eggs are laid on the aerial parts of their host plants. It rapidly spread into several european countries, becoming a key pest. Pdf tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera, gelechiidae.
After invading spain in 2006, it spread rapidly throughout afroeurasia and has become a major threat to world tomato production. Tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera. The symposium was organized jointly by iobc, fao, neppo and eppo and in collaboration with irac and ibma. Tuta absoluta leaf mines vary considerably, and may easily be confused with tuber moth mines. Development of tuta pupa takes place in the soil and occasionally on plant parts such as the stem. Biological aspects of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta. The tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick lepidoptera.
The present study was carried out to attempt to acquire better knowledge of the biology of this insect and to implement suitable prophylactic control tools for t. Ecology, worldwide spread, and management of the invasive. Tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato plants in. Tuta absoluta can overwinter as eggs, pupae or adults. Gelechiidae is one of the most serious pests of tomato, capable of causing 100% crop losses under favourable conditions. The caterpillars do not enter diapause as long as food is available. Nesidiocoris eats the eggs and all larval stages of tuta absoluta, although. In the laboratory trial of 2010, due to the low number of live larvae in the control, a one way. May 15, 20 tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato plants in south america. Some ecological and behavioral aspects of the tomato leaf.
Much information on the biology of tuta absoluta suggests that the primary host is tomato. Potential of biological control agents against tuta absoluta bioone. Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick is a pest of solanaceae. Tuta absoluta can overwinter as eggs, pupae and adults. Biology, life span, fecundity, tuta absoluta, temperature, relative humidity. Pdf biological aspects of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta. Expresspra on tuta absoluta 16 express pra for tuta absoluta prepared by. Pdf management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae with.
The tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick became a serious pest to tomato cultivations in egypt since 2009, where it causes great damage to the crop. Tuta absoluta was originally described as phthorimaea absoluta meyrick 1917 from a single male which was collected in huancayo, peru. Tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests of tomato in south america. Adult moths of tuta absoluta are relatively small with a body length of 7mm. Tuta absoluta meyrick is an important pest of tomato. Tuta absoluta is known to destroy tomato fields when not treated. This presentation is about tuta absoluta, an invasive moth.
Pest suppression through biological control seeks to maximize the action of the pests natural enemies with the goal of reducing pesticide use. The tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a key insect pest of tomato in tunisia and in many other countries around the world. Original article biology and population parameters of. Biology with a lifecycle ranging from 29 to 38 days, depending on the temperature, tuta absoluta can reproduce very rapidly. Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer fact sheet background. Following the appearance of tuta absoluta meyrick in algeria the agricultural and scientific sectors have undertaken research work aiming to control this pest using a variety of methods. Clarke 1962 changed the genus to gnorimoschema busck 1900. In the search for new strategies to control this pest, we present herewith the stereoselective synthesis, electrophysiological activity, functional analysis, and field tests of new chemicals as possible antagonists of the sex pheromone of the leafminer.
Pdf the tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a key insect pest of tomato in tunisia and in many other countries around the world. The tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick has been reported in egypt since 2009, quickly becoming one of the major pests of the tomato crop. Much information on the biology of tuta absoluta suggests that the primary host is tomato, although the pest can feed. Tuta absoluta biology, damage and control, a south african perspective. Introduction tomato plant is one of the most important solanaceous vegetable crops 4. Due to the significance of the problem, the joint international symposium on management of tuta absoluta tomato borer was held on 2011111618 in agadir, morocco. The spread of the pest has been exceptionally rapid, and it is now present throughout europe, the middle east and north africa. Realtime pcr assay for rapid identification of tuta.
Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae. The exact details of its the exact details of its biology outside south america are not well known, as it is a recent introduction to europe. Nigeria is the largest producer of tomato in africa while the northern regions are the main producers of tomatoes in the country. Tuta absoluta biology tuta absoluta is a micro lepidopteron moth with high reproductive potential 11.
Occurrence, biology, natural enemies and management of. Gelechiidae, a key pest of tomato crops in argentina, with the aim to select. Egypt has an appropriate climate for tomato cultivation and the annual production of the. Tuta absoluta occurred in algeria, spain, italy, morocco, and tunisia and has expanded into corsica and france. Leaf mines may be formed between two leaves, or individual leaves may be folded, with a mine in the fold. Pdf biological invasion of tomato leaf miner, tuta. Insecticide resistance action committee best management. Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta,tomato pest, potato pest. Biological control of tuta absoluta macrolophus pygmaeus. Tuta absoluta meyrick is an invasive pest of tomato native to south america, where it is responsible for extensive damage. In ethiopia, night temperature is very low and day temperature is very high. Gelechiidae, known as the south american tomato leafminer or pinworm, is a major solanaceae pest, particularly of tomato solanum lycopersicum. Control and management of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta.
Studies on the biology and morphometrics of tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta meyrick hybrid sweakar448. Biological activity of some natural plant extracts and biopesticides against. Tomato, tuta absoluta, control, pheromone, mass capture. Potential of biological control agents against tuta absoluta. Recently tuta absoluta considered to be a serious threat to tomato production in mediterranean region. Biology and morphometrics of tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta. Synthesis, functional assays, electrophysiological. Tuta absoluta biology description tuta absoluta lepidoptera. The larval stadium mines leaves, stems, and fruits, and chemical control is the most used control method in both its original range and the invaded distribution regions. Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer fact sheet canadian. Specimens attracted to pheromone trap are more likely to be t. Tuta absoluta, host preference, behavior, mating, light reaction, flight range. Pdf control and management of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta.
Note that this pest can also parasitize other solanaceae such as potato, pepino, eggplant, pepper, and various weeds datura, jimson weed, yellow and black nightshade. Tomato crops are infected with many serious pests, recently the most destructive ones, t. The tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta meyrick, lepidoptera. Biological aspects of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta lepidoptera. Tuta absoluta is a small moth that is native to south america. Gelechiidae, is a major pest in south america and is at present an important invasive species in the mediterranean basin. The duration of egg, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae was 4. Later, the pest was reported as gnorimoschema absoluta clarke 1962, scrobipalpula absoluta povolny, or. Tuta absoluta can overwinter as eggs, pupae or adults depending on environmental conditions. We studied the effect of different host plants on developmental and population parameters of this pest at 25 0. Biology and biorational management of tuta absoluta. Pdf on aug 31, 2017, shiberu tadele and others published biology of tuta absoluta meyrick lepidoptera. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated content.
After hatching, young larvae penetrate leaves, fruits or stems. The tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta meyrick, is becoming one of the key. Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick is a pest of solanaceae crops, particularly tomato lycopersicon esculentum miller and potato solanum tuberosum linnaeus in the world. Failure of the biological control of tuta absoluta using the predator. Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae with insecticides on tomatoes 337 variance. Tuta absoluta meyrick is an invasive lepidopteran pest species native to south america that has undergone a massive range expansion since 2006 to encompass large portions of eurasia, africa, parts of central america, and the caribbean campos et al. Realtime pcr assay for rapid identification of tuta absoluta. Small scale farmers and home gardeners may be impacted severely.
It is a major pest of tomatoes and other solanaceous plants nightshades. Original article biology and population parameters of tuta. While it shows a preference for whitefly it is also very effective against tuta absoluta. Wherever significant difference occurred, tukey s multiple comparison test was applied for mean separation.
In varanasi, uttar pradesh the pest was first observed on the month of january, 2017. The body is brown in colour with darker flecks of colour on each. After its initial detection in eastern spain in 2006, it rapidly invaded various other european countries and. Tuta absoluta, ecology, biology, susceptibility of tomato cultivars, host preference. Potential of biological control agents against tuta. The south american tomato leaf minermoth tuta absoluta is the major pest of tomatoes in brazil. Alarmed by its devastating nature and the speed of spread, tomato growers resorted to the indiscriminate use of broadspectrum insecticides. It is a multivoltine species that mines leaves, fruits, flowers, buds and stems. Mating behaviour of female tuta absoluta lepidoptera. This specimen is deposited in the natural history museum, london, uk. Mar 16, 2020 tuta absoluta meyrick is an invasive lepidopteran pest species native to south america that has undergone a massive range expansion since 2006 to encompass large portions of eurasia, africa, parts of central america, and the caribbean campos et al. Tuta absoluta is a species of moth in family gelechiidae known by the common names tomato leafminer, tomato pinworm and south american tomato moth. Studies regarding the basic biology and population development of. Being an invasive pest, information on its biology and ecofriendly management under local conditions are essential.
The south american tomato pinworm, meyrick, is native to the western neotropics. It is an effective natural enemy against tuta absoluta. This moth is native to the andes region of south america but can now be found in europe and north africa. On the population dynamics of the tomato leaf miner tuta. Biological control of tuta absoluta nesidiocoris tenuis. Gelechiidae is a devastating pest of tomato originating from south america. Mass trapping of males has seldom proved an effective control measure, probably due to the pests reproductive biology. Multivoltine twelve generations in a year average 260 eggs laid by a female larvae mine in the mesophyll of the leaf four larval instars pupates in the soil and sometimes in the leaves prefers tomato but can complete in other solanaceous plants.
Tuta absoluta biology and yield loss the likely origin of tuta absoluta is reported to be south america, from where it spread to spain in 2006, and to africa via algeria, morocco and tunisia two years later, in 2008. Tuta absoluta, a south american pest of tomato now in the. Life cycle and identification of tuta absoluta tuta absoluta. Gelechiidae is a highly destructive insect pest to tomato plants and fruit and is also reported to infest other plants in the solanacaeae family potato, eggplant, etc. Biological process category annotation by gene ontology for differentially expressed transcripts det for pairwise comparisons between developmental stages of tuta absoluta by blast2go. Biological invasion of european tomato crops by tuta. It was first recorded in the uk in 2009 where it has been subjected to eradication policies. Biology tuta absoluta adults are nocturnal, hiding between leaves during the day, and able to move for several miles by either flight or drifting with wind. Distribution and quarantine of tuta absoluta origin and recent spread in the palaearctic region tuta absoluta was initially described as native to central america, but recent hypotheses suggest it originated in peruvian central highlands, spreading to latin america countries during the 1960s 29, 53.